油气田设备多相流冲蚀磨损主控因素研究进展

针对油气田开发过程中,大量设备/管道承受高压/高流速多相流体中固相颗粒的冲蚀磨损作用,易导致损伤失效情况,系统梳理了国内外对材料冲蚀磨损主控因素的研究成果,着重分析了金属材料力学特性、多相流体特性、固相颗粒特性和冲蚀磨损条件等4类因素对金属材料冲蚀速率的影响规律,指出了当前油气田设备多相流冲蚀磨损主控因素研究在分析方法方面仍存在不足,并为后续研究工况设置、实验装置使用方式提出了建议。     

磁性硅藻土负载纳米过氧化钙对水中磷酸盐吸附

本研究以磁性硅藻土为载体,负载纳米过氧化钙(CaO_2),制备了一种可高效吸附磷酸盐且可回收的复合材料(MDCP),并利用SEM、EDX-mapping、XRD、XDS和VSM等技术对MDCP的微观形貌、内部结构、晶体组成以及元素组成进行了表征.结果表明,MDCP表面成功负载了CaO_2,并具有良好的磁性. MDCP对水中磷酸盐的吸附数据符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,根据Langmuir模型确定当T=20℃时MDCP对水中磷酸盐的最大单位吸附容量为191. 84 mg·g~(-1).吸附等温线与吸附动力学的结果表明,MDCP对磷酸盐的吸附过程属于化学吸附. pH对MDCP吸附磷酸盐具有显著的影响,MDCP对磷酸盐的有效吸附pH范围为4～10,且MDCP对溶液pH具有调节效果,可使溶液pH保持在7～9的水平.当溶液共存Cl-、SO_4~(2-)、CO3_~(2-)、HCO_3~(2-)、F-和NO_3~-等阴离子时,MDCP对水中磷酸盐仍具有良好的选择吸附性.回收后的MDCP可用HCl溶液对其吸附的磷酸盐进行解吸,解吸后的MDCP再次负载CaO_2后对磷酸盐去除率仍可达到初次吸附量的70%.     

Impacts of cadmium addition on the alteration of microbial community and transport of antibiotic resistance genes in oxytetracycline contaminated soil

The large-scale development in livestock feed industry has increased the chances of antibiotics and heavy metals contamination in the soil. The fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and microbial community in heavy metals and antibiotic contaminated soil is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of cadmium (Cd) addition on the transport of ARGs, microbial community and human pathogenic bacteria in oxytetracycline (OTC) contaminated soil. Results showed that the addition of OTC significantly increased the abundance of ARGs and intI1 in the soil and lettuce tissues. The addition of Cd to OTC treated soil further increased the abundance and translocation of ARGs and intI1. Moreover, Cd promoted the transfer of potential human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) into lettuce tissues. Compared with O10 treatment, the addition of Cd decreased the concentration of OTC in soil and lettuce tissue, but slightly increased the fresh weight of lettuce tissues. Redundancy analysis indicated that bacterial community succession is a major factor in ARGs variation. Network analysis indicated that the main host bacteria of ARGs were mainly derived from Proteobacteria. Correlation analysis showed that intI1 was significantly correlated with tetG, tetC, sul1, sul2, ermX, and ermQ. Meanwhile, potential HPB (Clostridium, and Burkholderia) was significantly correlated with intI1 and eight ARGs (tetG, tetC, tetW, tetX, sul1, sul2, ermX, and ermQ.). The findings of this study suggest that the addition of heavy metals to agricultural fields must be considered in order to reduce the transfer of ARGs in the soil and crops.     

新冠疫情严控期间南京市空气质量

为研究2020年初新冠疫情严控措施对南京市空气质量的影响,选取1月25日~2月10日（疫情严控期）南京及周边省会城市空气质量监测数据,与5a同期数据进行对比,分析时空分布特征.结果表明,疫情停工期间,降水量同比下降,大气扩散条件为近5a较差水平,但除O₃浓度不降反升外,其他主要污染物PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂和CO浓度均达近5a最低值,分别为36,44,5,22μg/m³和1.1mg/m³.通过推算疫情停工期间本地减排措施的“净环境效益”,严控使得PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂和CO分别下降了41.7%、45.3%、14.3%、43.5%、18.2%,O₃浓度上升了4.8%.从空间上分析,南京市SO₂浓度及其同比降幅在长三角省会城市内排名第1,其他污染物改善情况处于中等水平.从日变化可知,PM_2.5和PM₁₀日变化由双峰型变为单峰型,夜间未出现次峰值.O₃夜间浓度明显升高,原因是交通源的大幅削减使NO对O₃的滴定反应降低,而白天O₃浓度峰值取决于VOCs和NO_x的减排比例.     

雄安新区水环境中对羟基苯甲酸酯含量及风险

于2019年6月对雄安新区和保定市周边地区地表水和地下水进行采样,分析水环境中7种对羟基苯甲酸酯（parabens）组分的含量水平及生态风险.结果表明：对羟基苯甲酸甲酯（MeP）和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯（PrP）的检出率为100%;地表水中的主要组分为MeP,占比达93.4%,地下水中的主要组分为MeP,对羟基苯甲酸乙酯（EtP）和PrP,三者占比达98.0%;地下水中parabens的含量水平高于地表水;地表水中parabens的浓度呈白洋淀下游高于上游的空间分布特征,而地下水中的parabens总量在安新县境内较高,平均浓度可达10.1ng/L;总体而言,当前雄安新区水环境中parabens的污染程度较低、生态风险较小.本文可为未来雄安新区建设中的水环境管理提供污染水平参比值和决策依据,也可为雄安新区水环境中其它药品和个人护理品（PPCPs）的污染研究提供参考.     

松花江下游滨岸带典型植被根际土壤细菌群落结构与功能多样性

通过分析松花江典型植被(芦苇、白杨、松江柳和修氏苔草)根际土壤细菌群落结构与功能的差异,辨识不同类型植被修复受损滨岸带生境的潜力,为松花江受损滨岸带生境修复和保护提供理论依据.使用Illumina MiSeq PE300二代高通量测序平台对松花江下游滨岸带的4种典型植被根际土壤细菌16S rRNA进行测序,分析不同植被根际土壤细菌群落组成与功能的差异及其影响因素.结果表明,芦苇根际土壤细菌多样性的Ace、 Chao1和Shannon指数显著高于白杨(P<0.05),与松江柳和修氏苔草的土壤细菌多样性差异不显著.主坐标轴分析和ANOSIM组间差异检验表明,白杨与其它植被根际土壤细菌群落结构差异显著(P<0.05),松江柳、修氏苔草和芦苇根际土壤细菌群落结构相近. 4种典型植被根际土壤细菌共划分为38个菌门,其中,酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为各样地共有的优势菌门(相对丰度>5%).硝化螺旋菌门(Ni...     

Toxicity and behavioral response of zebrafish exposed to combined microplastic and bisphenol analogues

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Microplastics and bisphenol analogues are emerging environmental pollutants widely occurring in freshwaters. Harmful effects of microplastics and bisphenols have...     

Settleability and dewaterability of sewage sludge with modified diatomite

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM)-modified diatomite and cetyl&nbsp;trimethyl&nbsp;ammonium&nbsp;bromide (CTAB)-modified...     

A cellphone-based colorimetric multi-channel sensor for water environmental monitoring

● A cellphone-based colorimetric multi-channel sensor for in-field detection. ● A universal colorimetric detection platform in the absorbance range of 400–700 nm. ● Six-fold improvement of sensitivity by introducing a transmission grating. ● Quantifying multiple water quality indexes simultaneously with high stability. The development of colorimetric analysis technologies for the commercial cellphone platform has attracted great attention in environmental monitoring due to the low cost, high versatility, easy miniaturization, and widespread ownership of cellphones. This work demonstrates a cellphone-based colorimetric multi-channel sensor for quantifying multiple environmental contaminants simultaneously with high sensitivity and stability. To improve the sensitivity of the sensor, a delicate optical path system was created by using a diffraction grating to split six white beams transmitting through the multiple colored samples, which allows the cellphone CMOS camera to capture the diffracted light for image analysis. The proposed sensor is a universal colorimetric detection platform for a variety of environmental contaminants with the colorimetry assay in the range of 400–700 nm. By introducing the diffraction grating for splitting light, the sensitivity was improved by over six folds compared with a system that directly photographed transmitted light. As a successful proof-of-concept, the sensor was used to detect turbidity, orthophosphate, ammonia nitrogen and three heavy metals simultaneously with high sensitivity (turbidity: detection limit of 1.3 NTU, linear range of 5–400 NTU; ammonia nitrogen: 0.014 mg/L, 0.05–5 mg/L; orthophosphate: 0.028 mg/L, 0.1–10 mg/L; Cr (VI): 0.0069 mg/L, 0.01–0.5 mg/L; Fe: 0.025 mg/L, 0.1–2 mg/L; Zn: 0.032 mg/L, 0.05–2 mg/L) and reliability (relative standard deviations of six parallel measurements of 0.37%–1.60% and recoveries of 95.5%–106.0% in surface water). The miniature sensor demonstrated in-field sensing ability in environmental monitoring, which can be extended to point-of-care diagnosis and food safety control.     

Educational attainment and environmental Kuznets curve in China: an aggregate and disaggregate analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The primary focus of this study is to evaluate the impact of various levels of education on CO2 emissions in China. Moreover, the study also tested...